Which statement describes the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion?

• A. It was a successful rebellion that expelled all foreigners.
• B. It was a reform movement that modernized the Qing.
• C. It ended with no foreign intervention.
• D. It was ended by a multinational coalition including Western powers.

Answer: (D)

The key idea is that powerful outside forces determined the result of the Boxers’ uprising. The Boxer Rebellion sought to drive out foreigners and suppress Christian converts, but it was crushed by a multinational coalition—often called the Eight-Nation Alliance—that included Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United States, and Austria-Hungary. They marched on Beijing, lifted the siege of the foreign legations, and forced the Qing government to accept the Boxer Protocol in 1901, which imposed penalties, indemnities, and the presence of foreign troops in the capital. This shows that foreign military power and international pressure, not internal reform or victory against all foreigners, ended the rebellion. The other options don’t fit: there wasn’t a successful expulsion of all foreigners, it wasn’t a reform movement that modernized the Qing, and foreign intervention did occur, contradicting the idea of no foreign involvement.